What are the top 10 most significant tariffs or trade barriers implemented this year?

This year has seen the implementation of several significant tariffs and trade barriers affecting global commerce. Here are the top ten most impactful ones:

1. China’s Expanded Food Safety Measures: China has introduced stringent registration requirements for imported food products, affecting dairy, meat, and other agricultural items. These measures are seen as non-tariff barriers that complicate U.S. exports to China.
2. European Union’s Agricultural Biotechnology Policies: The EU’s stringent regulations on agricultural biotechnology, including restrictions on genetically modified organisms (GMOs), continue to limit U.S. agricultural exports. These policies are often criticized for not being based on scientific evidence.
3. Indonesia’s Facility Registration Requirements: Indonesia’s complex and opaque facility registration requirements for food and agricultural products pose significant barriers to U.S. exports. These requirements add to the cost and complexity of doing business in the region.
4. Turkey’s Biotechnology Approval Procedures: Turkey’s approval processes for agricultural biotechnology are seen as overly burdensome and lacking transparency, hindering the export of U.S. agricultural products to Turkey.

1. India’s Agricultural Trade Barriers: India has implemented several sanitary and phytosanitary measures that are not based on scientific evidence, affecting U.S. exports of poultry and other agricultural products.
2. Mexico’s Policies on Agricultural Biotechnology: Mexico’s regulatory approach to agricultural biotechnology, including restrictions and slow approval processes, continues to be a significant barrier for U.S. exporters.
3. South Korea’s Motor Vehicle Standards: South Korea’s reluctance to recognize U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) effectively limits the entry of U.S. vehicles into the Korean market, requiring modifications that increase costs.
4. Vietnam’s Data Localization Requirements: Vietnam mandates that data generated within the country must be stored locally, posing significant challenges for U.S. tech companies operating there.
5. Brazil’s High Tariffs on Industrial Goods: Brazil maintains high tariff rates on several industrial goods, which act as a barrier to U.S. exports and impact bilateral trade relations.
6. Russia’s Import Licensing Requirements: Russia has strict import licensing requirements for certain goods, including pharmaceuticals and medical devices, creating hurdles for U.S. exporters and complicating market access.

These barriers, highlighted in the 2024 National Trade Estimate Report by the U.S.